Efficient derivative-free Bayesian inference for large-scale inverse problems

Abstract:
We consider Bayesian inference for large-scale inverse problems, where computational challenges arise from the need for the repeated evaluations of an expensive forward model, which is often given as a black box or is impractical to differentiate. In this talk I will propose a new derivative-free algorithm Unscented Kalman Inversion, which utilizes the ideas from Kalman filter, to efficiently solve these inverse problems. First, I will explain some basics about Variational Inference under general metric tensors. In particular, under the Fisher-Rao metric, the Gaussian Variational Inference leads to the natural gradient descent. Next, I will discuss two different views of our algorithm. It can be obtained from a Gaussian approximation of the filtering distribution of a novel mean field dynamical system. And it can also be viewed as a derivative-free approximation of the natural gradient descent. I will also discuss theoretical properties for linear inverse problems. Finally, I will discuss an extension of our algorithm using Gaussian mixture approximation,  which leads to the Gaussian Mixture Kalman Inversion, an efficient derivative-free Bayesian inference approach capable of capturing multiple modes. I will demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in several numerical experiments with multimodal posterior distributions, which typically converge within O(10) iterations. This is based on joint works with Yifan Chen, Daniel Zhengyu Huang, Sebastian Reich and Andrew Stuart.

Bio:
Jiaoyang Huang is an Assistant Professor of Statistics and Data Science at the University of Pennsylvania. Before that he was a Simons Junior fellow and postdoc at Courant Institute NYU. He obtained a PhD in mathematics from Harvard University in 2019, and a BS in Mathematics from MIT in 2014. His research interests include  probability theory and its applications to problems from statistical physics, combinatorics, computer science and statistics.